Members of the Jersey Funds Association reflect on the changing US regulatory landscape for private funds, what it means for fund managers, and how the changes are providing an opportunity for managers to re-think their structuring solutions to suit investor demands…

Regulatory shifts in the US private funds market have certainly created a huge amount of discussion in recent months, with managers continuing to get to grips with what the changes mean.

The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced last year a set of amendments to the 1940 Investment Advisers Act – a lengthy set of proposals relevant to private fund advisors, the implications of which have taken sometime to filter through to the US manager community.

Aimed at creating a fairer environment with improved fee transparency, the rules – which follow those already in place for hedge funds - introduce enhanced regulation for private fund advisors and added rules around portfolio transparency and ‘democratising’ fee structures, representing a significant shift in private market industry practice.

Amongst the various provisions in those amendments, for example, is a requirement for quarterly reporting, something that may not be as straightforward as some managers had initially thought.

The changes have heralded calls from managers for further guidance on issues where further clarification is needed, and where some of the rules have the potential to create additional complexity for private fund advisors and added compliance costs. From an investor perspective, there is also the potential for preferential rates being offered to their peers, presenting further associated issues.

The result is a divided US private fund landscape, with as many groups, trade bodies and associations supporting the new rules as there are opposed to them – and there is a chance that the changes might be the end of it, if calls to reconsider are met with open ears.

Domiciles in Focus

In the wake of the rule changes, US managers have undoubtedly increased their enquiries relating to their domicile choices, taking the view that they can mitigate their administrative burden by revisiting their administration, structuring and governance frameworks.

“This is a period of concern for US managers and domiciles have come into focus as part of manager considerations,” says JFA committee member and Mourant Partner Alistair Horn.

“When it comes to transparency requirements, particularly around fees, they want certainty, security and guarantees from their domiciles that their structures can stand up to international regulatory scrutiny – and in some cases, stress tests with the more traditional existing jurisdictional partners in the Caribbean have not filled them with confidence.”

Jersey’s Solution

From Jersey’s point of view, this has provided an opportunity to remind US managers that it can provide advantages over other jurisdictions for private fund structures, including those in the Caribbean, in particular when it comes to high standards of governance and an ability to demonstrate genuine substance.

Key advantages include:

·        Lower cost of formation and maintenance, with no requirement for a Jersey Private Fund (JPF) to appoint an auditor. This makes the JPF regime cost-effective and quick to set up compared to Private Fund regimes in other jurisdictions.

·        Tax neutrality and great credentials on compliance with international standards

·        An internationally respected regulatory environment for funds, with robust and clear requirements around appointing directors and service providers

·        Investor familiarity, especially when marketing into the EU

Further detail around the Jersey Private Fund regime compared to other domiciles can be found here.

To bring this further to life, in 2023, the net asset value of regulated funds under administration in Jersey grew to almost US$600bn, while the Jersey Private Fund continued cemented its position as  a go-to vehicle for professional investors, with 645 registered in total.

The jurisdiction also continued to see an ever-increasing community of managers fully resident in the island across private equity, hedge fund, venture capital, debt and real estate with these managers bringing a real depth and diversity to the industry at a time when substance remains high on the agenda.

Jersey’s platform as a gateway to EU investor capital through private placement has also remained strong. Today more than 200 non-EU managers –including those in the US and UK - are using the private placement route through Jersey to access Europe. It’s a figure that has grown by around 60% in five years, without the hassle and expense of full onshore AIFMD compliance.

“The SEC rule changes have acted as a prompt for US managers to take stock, re-evaluate and look elsewhere for opportunities, and, as all the indicators, data and figures reflect, Jersey is absolutely able to meet that call. In fact, it is already doing so,” explains Michael Johnson, JFA Chair and Group Head of Institutional Services at Crestbridge.

In particular the issue of governance remains pivotal, says Dilmun Leach, JFA Committee member and Partner at Walkers:

“At the heart of all this is depth of expertise, substance and governance, and this is where Jersey really excels. Ultimately what managers want is peace of mind, and Jersey delivers on that. The JPF is incredibly quick and cost-effective to set up, the regulatory environment is clear and unambiguous, and the expertise available, including a number of one-stop shops who can hand-hold managers through the process, is truly market leading. For many US managers, it’s proving a breath of fresh air.”

What Next

The US regulatory landscape will no doubt continue to evolve this year –but regardless of whether these latest SEC rule changes are maintained in full, in portion or not at all, the change has already prompted managers to revisit their structures, question the status quo and begin to ask questions as to whether their existing positions are the best possible solutions for investors.

Given its well-established governance and substance credentials, its global distribution capabilities and its finely honed regulatory ecosystem, Jersey is well placed to support those US managers looking for an alternative and viable solution that can support them with both their global compliance obligations and their investor aims in the long run.

Figures recently published by Monterey Insight show that the value of Assets Under Administration (AUA) in Jersey’s funds industry grew by 1.4% year-on-year to stand at US$593.5bn as at June 2023, highlighting the appeal of Jersey’s stable platform for alternatives against a backdrop of challenging market conditions.

Published recently (29 January) in the 29th Monterey Jersey Fund Report, the figures paint a picture of sustained growth not only in AUA but also in terms of fund vehicles, with the number of serviced schemes increasing by 16% year-on-year to 1,883 and the total number of sub-funds recorded also up to 2,390, representing a 12% increase.

Significantly during the period, over 210 newly launched and newly serviced sub-funds were accounted for, reaching US$39.4bn for new products of domiciled and non-domiciled funds. 

In its analysis of asset classes, the report confirmed that growth continued to be driven by private equity and venture capital fund activity, accounting for a total ofUS$424bn of assets, followed by real estate funds with US$68bn. Private debt funds saw the highest growth in net assets, with a 21% increase compared to 2022.

The figures also reflect the increasingly diverse nature of Jersey as a global funds hub, with the industry supporting fund assets originating from not only the UK ($117.5bn) but also Luxembourg ($76.1bn), Japan ($60.3bn), the US ($52bn) and Sweden ($32.5bn).

Commenting on the report’s findings, Jersey Finance’s Head of Funds Elliot Refson said:

“The Monterey report provides a useful insight into the performance and make-up of Jersey’s funds sector. The key takeaway this year is that, against an inflationary and high interest rate environment that has significantly hampered global fundraising and deal flow, Jersey has nevertheless continued to remain attractive.

“We’ve seen growth in the value of assets serviced by firms here, but significantly we’ve also seen the industry help bring new funds to market at a healthy rate, in difficult conditions. That’s a strong reflection of the stable and certain platform Jersey provides for private equity, venture capital, real assets and other alternative funds. These figures should send out a clear message of confidence as the alternatives sector looks to ramp up activity in 2024.”

By Michael Johnson, Chair, Jersey Funds Association

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As the global disruption of a pandemic continues to fade in the rear view mirror, new challenges – and opportunities - have come to the fore for Jersey’s funds industry.

Regulatory, economic and geopolitical change are now staples of the environment we operate in, but the good news is that Jersey's funds industry has been able to adapt to such a fast-evolving environment.

Jersey's forward-looking approach, commitment to first class service and focus on creating an ideal ecosystem for alternative investments have enabled its funds sector to thrive over recent years – but increasingly it is the jurisdiction’s ability to be agile and innovate in the face of change that is shaping our future course.

Buoyant

The past year has been another successful and buoyant one for our funds industry.

Figures in early 2023 indicate that the total net asset value of funds under administration in Jersey stood at a record high of more than half a trillion pounds (£523bn), with Jersey private funds continuing to increase year-on-year.

In addition, we are seeing an ever-increasing community of managers fully resident in the island across private equity, hedge fund, venture capital, debt and real estate. These managers provide depth and diversity to Jersey's industry, at a time when substance remains high on the agenda.

Jersey’s expanding and enhanced product range is being warmly received by global managers and investors too.

The Jersey Private Fund regime (JPF) continues to assert its appeal as a fast, cost effective fund vehicle which is ideally suited to a small number of sophisticated institutional investors. More than 600 JPFs have now been established in total – meaning that their number has now overtaken Collective Investment Funds (CIFs) in Jersey for the first time.

Amendments to Jersey’s Limited Partnership law and the long-awaited introduction of the Limited Liability Company (LLC) structure in early 2023 have also bolstered Jersey's options for overseas managers, particularly those in the US.

Jersey’s platform as a gateway to EU investor capital through private placement remains strong too.

With this year marking ten years since AIFMD was implemented across Europe, more than 400 funds and 200 non-EU managers are using the tried and tested National Private Placement Regime (NPPR) through Jersey to access Europe– a figure that has grown by around 60% in five years.

It’s clear that global managers continue to respond positively to Jersey’s private placement option, which holds particular appeal for those who do not require a full onshore EU presence – which is around 97% of managers, according to the EU’s own figures.

As investors continue to navigate a challenging landscape, Jersey’s funds sector is, overall, in a good place, with global trends supporting the future outlook of our industry as investors continue to focus on the opportunities presented through alternatives– private equity, venture capital and real assets - areas where Jersey has particular expertise and experience.

Challenge

It is, however, prudent that Jersey remains on the front foot, alert to changes in the landscape and ready to respond with agility to market shifts.

At a macro level, for instance, Jersey’s weighting towards alternatives could turn out to be our greatest challenge should the industry adopt a cautious outlook as we cross the rubicon to a higher interest rate environment.

In early 2023, for instance, two-year UK Gilts stood at 5.5% and are expected to surpass 6% in the next year. That’s the benchmark for the risk-free rate – the key hurdle for allocators when determining allocations to portfolios.

Not only that but allocators are also contending with the denominator effect, further impeding their sentiment and ability to continue to allocate so freely to closed-ended alternatives. We cannot ignore some significant sectors that are likely to be impacted – real estate, a key area for Jersey, being one.

In this new era, embracing innovation, being agile and looking at our product range to see how we can introduce a wider choice of products and services will be vital. It’s why this year the JFA has established an innovation sub-committee to look at a range of ideas – such as developing the foundations for holding assets using digital ledgers.

The tokenisation of real assets looks set to have a transformational impact on the cross-border funds industry in the coming years. We are already well engaged on that topic, but it is vital we maintain momentum in an area that is witnessing real acceleration.

We are also well positioned in the rapidly growing arena of ESG investing. Jersey has a clear sustainable finance vision and is making good headway in implementing on that strategy – but as international regulation evolves, it’s vital we keep up with the pace of change.

The MONEYVAL assessment in 2023, meanwhile, has also underlined the importance of asserting our industry’s strength in combatting financial crime and working collectively as an industry and with the government to ensure our national approach is fully aligned with our industry approach.

Jersey's reputational advantage has long been at the heart of our success and as an industry we continue to be alive to the importance of being able to demonstrate the highest standards of anti-money laundering, compliance and governance.

In addition, if we are to maintain our growth trajectory, we need to be able to draw on a sustainable workforce. Experience and expertise have long been Jersey’s hallmarks, and a commitment to sourcing the best talent to boost productivity – in tandem with digital adoption - will be critical in the years ahead.

With that in mind, the JFA remains proactive in attracting both young and diverse talent to the industry and enabling ‘career switchers’ an opportunity to enter the sector.

As we look forward, the ability of our industry to be agile and embrace innovation, balanced against a commitment to remaining a stable and certain domicile, will continue to be at the core of Jersey’s proposition. If we can achieve that balance, then our funds industry can approach the future with confidence.

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You can read the full Jersey: First for Finance publication as an e-reader here.

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By Richard Anthony, JFA Committee Member and Head of Aztec’s Jersey Real Assets Team

UK real estate has long been an attractive sector for global investors – but for various reasons, it is currently not without its challenges.

It is also a sector where Jersey firms have considerable experience, with members of the Jersey Funds Association being fortunate enough to work with some of the top real estate fund and asset managers globally and specifically in the UK.

This piece provides a snapshot of the key issues currently facing the real estate sector, through the lens of our clients and investors.  

The Rise of Inflation

UK inflation has continued to rise sharply in recent months, with 2022 seeing the highest rate reached in over 40 years. As central banks aim to control inflationary pressures, interest rates have also risen in dramatic fashion.

This has undoubtedly influenced investor sentiment towards UK investment, the ability to generate attractive returns on existing portfolios and to secure financing for new projects, not to mention the impact on valuations. Speaking of which…

Uncertainty Surrounding Valuations

Asset valuations in UK real estate have become increasingly uncertain and downward adjusted in various sub-sectors, particularly in the commercial real estate sector - with various factors contributing to this challenge.  

As a result, deal flow has been impacted, with potential sellers not wishing to sell and potential buyers considering whether we are really at the floor of the market, keeping their capital dry or attempting a cheeky chip on price while at the heart of a transaction.  

On the upside, various asset and fund managers are hopeful for a bounce in the final quarter of 2023 and moving into the start of 2024, with fingers crossed for the plateau and descent of interest rates, which will bolster market sentiment.

Ability to Raise and Retain Capital

Fund managers in the UK real estate sector face the ongoing challenge of raising capital for their funds.

With increasing competition and changing market dynamics, attracting investors and securing commitments can be a daunting task. Investors are becoming more discerning, seeking transparency, track records and granular level due diligence.

Additionally, many open or quasi open-ended funds are having to work hard to maintain liquidity, as certain investors look to re-allocate or withdraw capital from the sector.  

In the current environment, fund managers must demonstrate their ability to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns and navigate market uncertainties to gain the confidence of potential investors.

ESG Impact

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on environmental sustainability and energy efficiency in the real estate industry.

Buyers and sellers are increasingly considering Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) and BREEAM ratings when evaluating commercial buildings. This "flight to quality" trend means that buildings with higher ratings are more likely to attract buyers and command higher prices.

On the flip side, other buildings with lesser ratings are becoming harder to sell, forcing the need to either make further capital investment, or exit at less attractive valuations.

Jersey’s Role

Whilst the above challenges are undoubtedly shaping the UK real estate industry at present, and may persist for some time, members of the JFA continue to actively facilitate high quality capital flows into the sector through Jersey domiciled structures.

Why? The Island has a vast pool of industry leading legal and professional firms with talented real estate professionals. The legislation, regulation and taxation applicable to investment structuring is finely tuned, incredibly robust and sufficiently flexible to meet the needs of most investors.  

If you are considering an investment in real estate through a fund or corporate structure, consider Jersey.

Representatives from across Jersey’s funds industry came together this month to celebrate the ongoing growth of the sector and discuss key trends shaping the future alternative funds landscape.

More than 400 people from across the industry, including lawyers, service providers, managers and accountants as well as politicians and regulatory representatives, attended this year’s Jersey Funds Association (JFA) Annual Dinner, held at the Trinity Showground on 14^th July.

Held each year, the event brings together Jersey’s funds community and serves to highlight key developments and trends in the market and point to the work undertaken by the JFA.

Speaking at the event, Michael Johnson, JFA Chair, told the audience that it had been another successful year for the funds industry, with the growth in fund managers in the jurisdiction in particular proving to be a critical element of Jersey’s funds infrastructure, against a backdrop of increasing regulation and a growing emphasis on substance.

With figures in early 2023 indicating that the total net asset value of funds under administration in Jersey stood at a record high of more than half a trillion pounds (£523bn), Michael said:

“We have a buoyant and active community, both in the funds and the fund manager space. In fact, we see an ever-increasing community of managers fully resident in the island across private equity, hedge funds, venture capital, debt and real estate. These managers are bringing a real depth and diversity to our industry, at a time when substance continues to be high on the agenda.”

Michael pointed in particular to the ongoing success of the Jersey Private Fund structure (JPF), with more than 600 having now been established in total – meaning that the number of JPFs has now overtaken collective investment funds in Jersey for the first time. He added:

“In particular, alternative funds now represent 90% of our total funds business, with private equity and venture capital making up 44% of total funds business undertaken in Jersey. It has created a very stable platform of long-term capital, largely insulated from short term market sentiment.”

However, Michael also urged caution around the potential impact of the ongoing high inflation environment on Jersey’s funds sector, given its weighting towards alternatives, and the need for the industry to embrace innovation in an increasingly complex and uncertain environment:

“Recently two-year UK Gilts stood at 5.5% and are expected to surpass 6% in the next year. That’s the benchmark for the risk-free rate – the key hurdle for allocators when determining allocations to portfolios. Not only that but allocators are also contending with the denominator effect, further impeding their sentiment and ability to continue to allocate so freely to closed-ended alternatives. We cannot ignore some significant sectors are likely to be impacted – real estate, a key area of Jersey, being one.

“As we cross the rubicon to a higher interest rate environment, embracing innovation, being agile and looking at our product range to see how we can introduce a wider choice of products and services will be vital. It’s why this year the JFA has established an innovation sub-committee, as we look to gather critical momentum in affirming Jersey’s reputation as forward-thinking, truly innovative funds domicile.”

Gold sponsor for the evening was Mourant and silver sponsors were BNP Paribas, Hawksford, Ogier and PwC, whilst the champagne reception was sponsored by Carey Olsen and the NextGen table was hosted by KPMG. Entertainment at the event was provided by comedian and writer Simon Evans.

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A new white paper published by IFI Global and supported by Jersey Finance has highlighted how the rapid growth of asset tokenisation is set to transform the cross-border funds industry over the coming years.

The paper, ‘The Tokenisation of Real Assets', highlights that forecasts for the growth of asset tokenisation are universally bullish, with one report predicting that asset tokenisation will grow into a US$16.1 trillion business by 2030 (BCG and ADDX).

It goes on to explore why asset tokenisation is on the cusp of widespread global adoption and how real assets, including private equity and real estate, are likely to be substantially impacted by tokenisation in the coming years.

In particular, the paper points to some of the major benefits of tokenisation for managers of real assets, but also highlights that there are a number of challenges the industry will need to overcome before it can realise its full potential.

You can read the full white paper here.

The value of regulated fund assets serviced in Jersey rose by close to £39bn over the course of 2022 while the corporate and banking sectors also posted positive figures, according to the latest industry statistics.

According to the most recent quarterly figures to be collated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission (JFSC) for the period ending 31 December 2022, the value of regulated funds under administration increased by £38.6bn (8.6%) compared to 31 December 2021 to stand at a new record level of £488.8bn.

Across the core alternative asset classes – which now make up 78% of total funds business in Jersey - the hedge fund sector in particular contributed to growth, increasing by some 24% over the twelve months.

In addition, a total of 638 Jersey Private Funds (JPFs) have now been registered in Jersey since the structure was launched in 2017, according to the JFSC – an increase of 107 (20%) over the past twelve months. The value of assets held in JPFs is now £61.7bn and is in addition to the headline funds figure.

Meanwhile, the total value of deposits in Jersey banks increased by £14.8bn (11%) over 2022 to stand at £148.3bn – the highest level since 2013 - with 58% held in foreign currencies.

Corporate activity also remained positive with a total of 35,028 companies on the register at the end of the year, increasing marginally (1.5%) year-on-year to an all-time high.

In addition, 79 Jersey company vehicles are now listed on global exchanges around the world, including the London Stock, New York and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges, with a combined total market capitalisation of £167.4bn.

Commenting on the figures, Jersey Finance CEO, Joe Moynihan, said:

“These are strong year-end figures that paint a sustained positive picture of our finance sector, particularly against the backdrop of global economic flux. The consistent growth of our funds sector confirms the appeal of our offering, cementing our position as a leading alternative funds hub in Europe.

“Meanwhile, our banking sector remains resilient, providing sought-after stability in uncertain times, and our corporate sector continues to see steady growth, reflecting a healthy holistic platform supporting investors, families and businesses around the world. This equates to a strong message, and one that will be hugely positive as we maintain our expansion and growth in global markets, including the US and South-East Asia.”

Mike Johnson, Chair, Jersey Funds Association, added:

“Jersey’s funds sector is clearly continuing to appeal to both managers and investors, and that is thanks to the high standard of our offering, which combines a depth of expertise, flexibility, certainty and a stable outlook rarely found in other jurisdictions. Of particular note in these figures is the ongoing march of the JPF, with more than 100 established over the year. It has firmly established itself as a go-to vehicle for alternative fund structuring, adding considerably to our reputation as a premiere funds jurisdiction.”

Professionals from across Jersey’s funds sector including lawyers, administrators, NEDs and compliance specialists, heard from the JFA’s Legal and Technical Sub-Committee this week, at a briefing outlining some of the measures the industry is taking to maintain Jersey’s leading position as a centre for alternative funds.

A number of speakers from the sub-committee, including Chris Patton, Head of Private Equity, Intertrust Group, Simon Burgess, Fund Advisor and Non-Executive Director, and Matt McManus, Managing Associate, Ogier, discussed a range of areas of regulatory and legislative focus for the JFA, including the recent JFSC AML Exemptions Consultation Paper, a JFSC Outsourcing Paper and JFSC Consultation on Senior Management.

The session was hosted by Joel Hernandez, Head of Funds, Mourant, Vice Chair of JFA, and Chair of the JFA Legal and Technical Sub-Committee, who said:

“Our role as a sub-committee is to look at ways to defend and develop our industry from a legal and technical perspective, working with other stakeholders and organisations, to enhance Jersey’s proposition and add value to the funds sector. The fact that so many people joined us for this session reflects the appetite to support the evolution of Jersey’s funds industry, which is fantastic to see.

“The most recent figures for our funds industry were extremely positive, with AUM and AUA reaching record levels yet again. It’s clear though, that there is a huge amount of work being undertaken by the JFA to maintain our position and appeal in a landscape that is extremely competitive and increasingly influenced by international regulatory and compliance pressures – and this is what the session really focused on.

“From looking at our AML/CFT frameworks and how we can keep the cost of doing business with Jersey competitive, to enhancing our Jersey Private Fund regime, as well as honing our ecosystem for virtual assets – there is a lot that the Committee has been working on. On balance, we feel that Jersey remains in a strong position, given the support of the JFA's members and its other partners.”

The total net asset value of regulated funds administered in Jersey rose by almost £8bn over the first half of 2022 whilst the corporate and banking sectors also posted record mid-year figures, according to the latest industry statistics.

According to the most recent quarterly figures to be collated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission (JFSC) for the period ending 30 June 2022, the value of regulated funds under administration increased by £7.7bn (1.7%) compared to 31 December 2021 to stand at £458bn.

The alternative asset classes, including private equity, real estate and hedge, continued to drive growth to now represent 89.5% of total funds business, with private equity and venture capital making up 44% of total funds business undertaken in Jersey. The value of hedge fund business booked in Jersey in particular grew over the past six months, increasing by 14%.

In addition, a total of 556 Jersey Private Funds (JPFs) have now been registered in Jersey since the structure was launched in 2017, according to the JFSC- an increase of 100 (22%) over the past twelve months. Total Assets Under Management (AUM) held in JPFs, which is reported separately to the quarterly figures for regulated funds, now stands at£61.7bn, spanning private equity, venture capital, real assets and other global equities.

Meanwhile, the total value of deposits held in Jersey banks increased by £10.8bn (8%) over the first six months of the year to stand at £144.4bn – the biggest half year increase since 2019. 57% of deposits in Jersey banks were held in foreign currencies.

Corporate activity also remained strong over the first half of the year. There were 35,447 registered companies on the register as at 30 June 2022 – the highest number in the past decade – whilst in the second quarter alone there were 974 corporate registrations, the highest quarterly figure on record.

Commenting on the figures, Jersey Finance CEO, Joe Moynihan, said:

“In a persistently challenging environment, these are really robust figures for our industry. We have seen consistently positive figures and a growth trajectory for our funds industry for some time now, and the past six months have consolidated our position as a leading specialist funds hub in Europe.

“Meanwhile, it’s pleasing to see the appeal of our IFC reflected in impressive figures for our banking and corporate sectors too. Record levels of company incorporations over the past six months and a resilient banking sector underline Jersey’s appeal as a stable, reliable centre, supporting international business and growth as the world looks to rebuild after a period of uncertainty.”

“Particularly as we look to build out our service lines and take our messaging to new markets in 2023, in particular across Asia and the US, these positive figures paint a very positive picture of the role Jersey is playing in supporting high quality cross-border capital flows.”

Mike Johnson, Chair, Jersey Funds Association, added:

“The fact that Jersey has maintained its upward trajectory in 2022 against a backdrop of instability in Europe and a complex post-pandemic fundraising landscape, is a reflection of the high regard in which Jersey is held by managers. The growth of the JPF, five years since it was introduced, is particularly noteworthy. Its success means that today, across its suite of fund regimes, Jersey is administering high quality global fund assets well in excess of £0.5trn, and that figure continues to grow.”

Stability, expertise and flexibility have been highlighted as key components of the international fund domicile of the future in a new report published this month by IFI Global and supported by Jersey Finance.

‘The Evolution of the International Fund Jurisdictions’ report forms the latest in a series undertaken by IFI Global with Jersey Finance, with previous reports published over the past two years having focused on fund domiciliation, structuring, and fund governance.

This new report explores the origins of the fund domiciliation industry and how a number of locations around the world with no previous connection to funds, have ended up playing fundamental roles at the heart of the global funds landscape, servicing more than US$16 trillion of fund assets.

The report also explores how those centres, including Jersey, BVI, Bermuda, Cayman, Guernsey, Ireland and Luxembourg, have since evolved and what their past experiences tell us about their future direction. Among the report’s key areas of focus are:

·        Key dates, from the establishment of the first expatriate banking operation in Jersey in the 1960s to EU alternative fund regulation in 2018

·        The origins of the international funds industry in the 1980s, including the first investment funds offered to expats and the largely Anglo-Saxon asset management industry of the 1990s

·        The dawn of alternatives, including the introduction of regulatory measures, the shift towards institutional investors, the heightened focus on governance and substance in the wake of the global financial crisis, and the impact of Brexit

·        The future, including the growth of sustainable finance and crypto funds and the importance of first mover advantage when it comes to new investment categories

 Commenting on the findings, Elliot Refson, Head of Funds at Jersey Finance, said:

“Given the trends over the last decade or more highlighted in this paper, there’s no doubt that the fund jurisdictions that will be most successful in the future will be those that are stable with strong expertise and infrastructure, and robust but flexible regulatory frameworks. This has really been Jersey’s mantra for the past twenty years, and we’ve seen the fruits of that in the growth of Jersey in recent years as a trusted funds domicile.

“There will undoubtedly be more changes over the coming decades and our focus will remain on staying true to our values and on retaining our position as an integral part of the global fund landscape.”

 Simon Osborn, CEO of IFI Global and author of the report, added:

 “Fund domiciliation patterns have always been subject to change and there is no reason to believe this will not continue to be the case in future. To understand how the asset management business might develop in the future, it is a good idea to know something about how the international fund jurisdictions, on which this industry depends, are evolving.

 “This White Paper touches upon how a few unlikely locations, dotted around the world, got into this business, focuses on what is happening in international fund domiciliation today and explores what may well happen to international fund jurisdictions over the next few years.”

The new research can be viewed and downloaded here.

By Alistair Horn, Mourant LP Partner and JFA committee member, John MacFeeters, Counsel and Rachel Fowler, Senior Associate at Mourant

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With reports suggesting that global investors have set aside up to £46bn to deploy in the London office market alone this year (the highest since 2012), it’s an opportune time to take a look at some of the trends we are seeing in Jersey for UK real estate investments.

For years, Jersey has been an attractive option for asset managers looking to establish real estate holding structures, and for investors wishing to invest in real estate assets and recently we have seen a noticeable increase in the use of Jersey REIT structures, whilst the traditional Jersey Property Unit Trust (JPUT) remains just as popular as ever.

In fact, there has been an uptick in establishing new JPUTs despite the continued impact of COVID-19.

We've seen a particular recent trend in the increased use of JPUTs to acquire healthcare and logistical assets, with the importance of the latter increasing due to the online activity of consumers during the past 12 months and beyond. Notably, many of the JPUT investors have come from South East Asia and North America, emphasising how far-reaching the JPUT has become.

Meanwhile, Jersey continues to grow its market share in private REITs and this trend is expected to continue. The UK REIT regime is already attractive to many sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, major global financial institutions and specialist property investors.

However, it is expected that this market will grow following the UK Budget 2021 announcement of the rise in the corporation tax rate from 19% to 25% starting in 2023. This change will make the REIT regime more attractive to a broader range of UK real estate investors.

In addition, we are seeing a trend that 'responsible' capital and sustainability are no longer 'fringe' concepts. They do (and will increasingly need to) underpin strategic decision-making and investment allocations by fund managers in the coming decades, as the global economy grapples with the impact of climate change, other potential environmental damage, rising inequality and political and economic crises.

Funds focusing on social housing, urban regeneration, supported living as well as more bespoke projects such as water related regeneration are becoming more common.

With these trends in mind, it’s worth noting that there are a number of reasons underpinning Jersey's continuing appeal in this space that should give managers and investors confidence, including the following benefits.

‍Accessibility

As an independent jurisdiction conveniently located near the UK and mainland Europe, Jersey appeals to managers who want to access global investors whilst remaining outside the AIFMD environment.

Removing the additional costs associated with AIFMD compliance, whether that is achieved by marketing into the EEA via national private placement routes or by targeting the US and Asian markets, can result in lower running costs and higher investor returns.

Managers and investors alike are familiar and comfortable with Jersey as a jurisdiction, and this appeal is enhanced by Jersey's global reputation as a market leader in promoting anti-money laundering measures and combating financial crime.  

Speed to market and cost efficiencies

As detailed below, it is possible to establish and manage real estate holding structures efficiently and effectively due to the flexibility and expertise that the Jersey real estate services industry can provide.

Holding vehicles can be established on a same day basis, whilst a Jersey 'private fund' can be established and authorised in as little as 3 business days (with a slightly longer lead time where there is EEA/UK investor marketing).

The expertise available across legal, accounting and administrative functions can also lead to lower launch costs and on-going maintenance costs, which ensures that Jersey remains a cost-effective choice.

Legislative flexibility

Jersey's company, partnership and unit trust laws are broadly based on the UK equivalents and will therefore be familiar to lawyers and asset managers in the UK and other common law countries.

The Jersey legislation is, broadly speaking, more flexible and more permissive which means it can easily accommodate the commercial terms of a deal.

JPUTs, for instance, are popular for single investor/single asset structures, but they are equally suited for multi-asset joint ventures or as investment fund structures. JPUTs often hold UK real estate directly, however, a JPUT does not need to, nor is a JPUT required, to hold the UK real estate directly. In addition, we are also seeing a revival in the use of JPUTs as hybrid or evergreen investment fund structures.

Regulatory flexibility

Jersey's regulatory environment provides significant flexibility in choosing a regulatory regime for a real estate structure, its investors and asset managers. Whilst some small structures can benefit from special dispensations afforded to joint ventures, the 'private fund' regime in Jersey is a popular option where there are a small number of sophisticated institutional investors who would benefit from a light-touch and effective regulatory approach.

For those asset managers who are seeking to attract a larger number of investors, or less sophisticated investors, then there are several public fund regimes which offer increased investor protection.

Tax neutrality

Jersey's tax regime is designed to avoid double taxation on real estate holding structures, so that these remain tax neutral where appropriate for non-resident investors and asset managers who are dealing with foreign real estate assets.

Service providers

Jersey is well known for its real estate-based service provider expertise, with service providers able to confidently support managers and investors throughout the entire property life-cycle from acquisition to development, financing, leasing, planning work and joint ventures, and eventual disposal.

Against the backdrop of its longstanding appeal and given the current trends in the market, as a jurisdiction, Jersey has the right infrastructure and ecosystem to assist first time and established asset managers with setting up and administering real estate fund structures, whilst at the same time providing certainty of tax treatment - which is not necessarily fully mirrored in other jurisdictions.

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An ability to remain agile in a changing landscape, deliver innovative solutions and offer a platform of stability are key differentiators for Jersey’s funds industry that are resonating clearly with managers and investors, according to the chairman of the Jersey Funds Association (JFA).

JFA Chair Tim Morgan gave his update at the JFA Annual Dinner recently (23 September), attended by more than 350 funds and wider industry professionals, including an overview of the current funds landscape, the ongoing work of the JFA with its key stakeholders in Jersey, and future opportunities for Jersey’s funds sector. It was the first physical return to events for the JFA since 2019, since when all updates had been provided on a digital basis.

Pointing to the fact that Jersey’s funds industry recorded another new record high of fund assets being administered at the half-way point in 2021 (£436bn), with private equity and venture capital increasing by 21% year-on-year and the number of Jersey Private Funds (JPFs) rising to 456, Tim commented:

“The latest figures show that Jersey’s focus on alternative investment funds continues to provide a stable platform of long-term capital. From the start it was clear that the pandemic was affecting participants differently. Large, well-known sponsors with strong platforms continued to fundraise. Conditions were more challenging for new and smaller investment groups. However, many have in any case proceeded with the raising of successful, small, first funds and club deals, and that correlates with the continued growth in the number of JPFs we have seen. It’s a real endorsement of Jersey’s appeal and expertise.”

In addition, Tim, who is also a partner at the Jersey legal practice of the Maples Group, highlighted the importance of Jersey’s funds industry maintaining momentum in delivering innovative solutions to global investors:

“Jersey has continued to test innovations in digital assets, as well as increased amounts of structures aimed at sustainable technologies and related assets, which is very positive. In addition, significant changes have also occurred in the administration space – increasingly tech is a key component of how services are being provided, which is enhancing how governance, risk management and compliance are managed in practice. Jersey service providers have been impressive in adopting a digital first approach over the past year and this is undoubtedly a key part of our success.”

Meanwhile, Tim also highlighted that shifts in global geopolitics, regulation and competition were providing challenges, with Jersey’s focus on maintaining a perfect ecosystem for alternative funds putting it in a strong position:

“The political environment is volatile – the change in US administration; increased pressures from the EU and OECD in relation to tax; numerous policy initiatives from UK in the post Brexit and post pandemic environment; upcoming elections in Germany and France. All this means that there is a need for continual engagement in relation to Jersey’s position internationally. At the same time, jurisdictionally, the competitive environment is intense.

“However, Jersey’s ability to pivot in an agile manner, in particular between JPFs and more narrowly-held joint venture and co-investment vehicles, is valuable and provides popular, efficient solutions. At the same time, Jersey has an incredibly strong culture of partnerships with the JFSC, government, and other industry elements all working together on areas of opportunity or concern for our funds and wider finance industry. This is a real differentiator for us, as we continue to focus on our core message - that Jersey offers a unique ecosystem to provide a platform of stability in a rapidly changing market.”

Entertainment at the event, which was held at the Trinity Showground, was provided by comedian and writer Jo Caulfield and London-based singer-songwriter and former Jersey Young Musician of the Year Sam Walwyn.

The main sponsor of the dinner was Mourant, whilst silver sponsors were BNP Paribas Securities Services, IQ-EQ, Ogier and PwC, and the champagne sponsor was Carey Olsen.

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Over the past 40 years, the private markets (or alternatives) sector has grown to become a bedrock of high value employment and prosperity in Jersey – the sector now accounts for nearly 90% of funds under administration in the jurisdiction.

As assets under management (AuM) in the private markets sector continue their rapid expansion worldwide, they’re set to play a key role in driving recovery and creating more sustainable and socially inclusive economies both here and across the globe.

Mainstream

The private markets designation brings together private capital (private equity and credit) and real assets (infrastructure and real estate), and this has real relevance for Jersey which has a formidable reputation in private equity and real estate in particular.

As investors go in search of returns that other asset classes may struggle to deliver, private markets are one of the fastest growing areas of asset management globally. It’s a sector that is now by no means niche – it’s fast becoming mainstream.

Reflecting that, earlier this year, PwC published Prime time for private markets: The new value creation playbook, an in-depth exploration of how the sector is evolving and how to capitalise on the potential. According to that report, it is anticipated that private markets AuM will increase by $4.9 trillion to reach $14.4 trillion by 2025 - around 10% of overall AuM worldwide.

Further, in the JFA’s own survey of its members at the end of last year, respondents painted a clear picture of an industry that is looking to grow and diversify, driven by the private markets. In an industry with alternatives at its core, 69% of respondents said they were confident that their business would grow over the next five years, whilst both short and medium term strategic priorities for Jersey’s funds industry remained focused on private equity, real estate, venture capital and debt funds, according to respondents.

Increasingly challenging

As the PwC report highlights, however, this is an increasingly challenging market in which the prizes will be hard won.

·        In search of return: with entry multiples so high and economies still fragile, traditional value levers such as financial engineering and cost reduction may no longer be enough to deliver target returns. Forward-looking private markets managers are therefore broadening their value creation lens in areas ranging from strategic repositioning and top-line growth to longer hold and ‘permanent capital’ models.

·        Competing in a concentrated market: Institutional investors’ growing demand for multi-asset mandates is making it difficult for smaller, single-asset-focused managers to compete with big, diversified rivals. There’s still room for specialised players with the right capabilities. The firms that are most vulnerable are those that have neither scale nor specialisation. They risk being squeezed out of the picture.

·        Keeping pace with changing stakeholder expectations: the other, and in many ways most far-reaching, challenge is the shift in stakeholder attitudes. As environmental, social and governance(ESG) priorities in areas such as health, sustainability and social inclusion come to the fore, ESG performance has become as important as financial returns.

This isn’t just altruism. As pension and sovereign wealth funds’ private markets allocations increase, reflecting the ‘people’s priorities’ will be ever more important in securing large mandates and sustaining scale and growth. Embracing ESG would help private markets managers to reframe public perceptions, cultivate closer affinity with investors and generate new forms of value. Investment opportunities include helping portfolio companies to move towards net zero production. Private markets managers could also help to bridge the funding gap for small and innovative growth businesses and boost infrastructure investment in areas ranging from healthcare to digital communications.

With government coffers drained by the COVID-19 pandemic, the record levels of dry powder at private markets managers’ disposal could make them a vital contributor to recovery and regeneration – a Marshall Plan for the 21st Century. This would need to be weighed against the increased public scrutiny that would come from a more prominent role in socially-critical areas such as small business finance and infrastructure development.

Opportunity

Jersey’s specialist expertise, record of innovation and supportive regulatory environment puts it in a strong position to take advantage of private markets expansion. But just as the sector as a whole must adjust to a changing world, firms in Jersey are working hard on sustaining relevance and where they can take the lead:

·        Picking their spot: the most crucial decision is whether to be a scale or niche specialist player. Firms in Jersey are carefully considering what it is exactly that might make business want to come here, and how they can build on their standout capabilities.

·        Challenging assumptions: Further questions centre on how to address changing investor demands. The ever-increasing risk of being called out for ‘greenwashing’ is a clear case in point. As a result, governance – the G in ESG – is rightly at the centre of the agenda. Firms in Jersey are deeply aware of the principal areas needing to be addressed, including gauging what investors really want and how to stay ahead of the game – the goalposts are moving all the time.

·        Nurturing talent: Firms are committed to addressing the need to deepen skills and talent, including creating more diverse boards and stepping up the recruitment and upskilling of women.

The evolution and expansion of private markets offer the win-win of high value economic growth locally, and an opportunity to help address pressing social and environmental priorities globally.

With so much at stake, Jersey’s funds sector is focused on tracking how investor demands are changing, ensuring it can keep pace, and articulating what it can offer that other financial centres can’t.

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The rise of sustainable finance, the impact of Brexit, EU regulation and the fallout of the pandemic all have the potential to shape considerations around alternative fund domicile selection, according to new research published recently by IFI Global and supported by Jersey Finance.

Based on the views of alternative managers, law firms and advisors from across North America, Europe and Australasia, including some of the world’s largest investors in alternatives, the research for this new report – entitled ‘The Future of International Fund Domiciliation 2021’ – was carried out between October 2020 and February 2021.

More information and the full report can be found here.

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